English is the most spoken language in the city, there other languages spoken by immigrants. Majority of the population in Newcastle are Christians. There are three cathedrals in the city. The cathedrals are Anglican St. Nicholas, Roman Catholic St.
Mary and Coptic Cathedral. Muslims, Buddhists, Jews etc. Newcastle has many people who are unemployed and are demanding welfare. These people are around Some of our international relationships date back to the peace and friendship movements that emerged after World War II while other, more recent relationships, are often built around business, cultural or educational links.
Like Newcastle upon Tyne the city was built on heavy industries such as coal mining, shipbuilding and engineering and our relationship began when people from our city emigrated to Newcastle NSW. Hainan: Hainan is the smallest and most southern province of the People's Republic of China PRC and is made up of around islands the largest of which is Hainan island.
The province was also established as the largest Special Economic Zone in the late s. Newcastle University signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Hainan Province in to encourage collaboration in research, development and teaching across a range of disciplines. The agreement was the first partnership of its kind between a UK university and Hainan Province. The partnership now includes a Confucius Institute making Newcastle University a leading centre for Chinese language and culture and co-operation between China and the UK.
Henan: Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country and has the third largest population in China. It is recognised as the birth place of Chinese civilization with numerous heritages and four of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China are located in Henan. The economy depends on dwindling aluminium and coal reserves, agriculture, heavy industry, tourism, and retail.
The relationship between Newcastle and Henan was initiated by Newcastle University in linked to emerging green industries in Newcastle. Taiyuan: Taiyuan is an industrial city in northern China and the capital of Shanxi province miles east of Beijing. Taiyuan has a large industrial sector based on the energy, engineering and chemical industries as well as being the largest coal mining centre in China.
We became Sister Cities in with delegations from Taiyuan visiting the city on several occasions to develop work on joint projects. Nancy: Nancy lies at the crossroads of several European routes in North East France and is an attractive location for businesses and students. Newcastle and Nancy have many similarities including population, centuries of border conflict, a history of mining and heavy industry, established cultural sectors and well-known sports teams.
The relationship was formalised a year later when we signed a Twin City agreement during a visit by the Mayor of Nancy to Newcastle. In we celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of our Twin Cities relationship with funding support from the European Union. Links between the two cities have continued to grow with activities including a Veterans Exchange, a Book Exchange between the City Library, Lit and Phil and American Library in Nancy, the signing of an agreement between the North East Chamber of Commerce and Nancy Chamber of Commerce and an annual student month long student exchange programme with Newcastle University.
Gelsenkirchen: Gelsenkirchen is in the northern part of the Ruhr area, just north of Essen. The city was a centre of heavy industry and one of the most important mining towns in Europe. By the eighteenth century the printing industry was the fourth biggest in UK after London , Oxford and Cambridge and the Newcastle Gazette and the Newcastle Courant were the first newspapers in circulation in northern England when they were introduced in and The establishment of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne in or the Lit and Phil as it is affectionately referred to attracted intellectuals and academics alike with its wide-ranging debates and plentiful literature in French, Spanish, German and Latin.
The building even became the first to use electric lightbulbs when the inventor Joseph Swan chose the Lit and Phil as the showcase for his latest invention. During the industrial revolution of , heavy industry thrived in Newcastle and its location made it an ideal base for building the ships and steam trains which powered the era. A number of advancements such as the invention of the steam turbine and the Davy lamp can also be credited to the town.
This industrial expansion lead to a huge influx of people, with the population rising from 87, in to , in and the honour of city status in Affluent suburbs appeared on the outskirts of the city centre, made possible by the advancements in railways and tramways.
In contrast to the success of the eighteen and nineteenth centuries, Newcastle and the rest of Tyne and Wear saw a steady decline in heavy industry in the interwar period of the early twentieth century and unemployment grew steadily following the economic depression of the s. However, over the past fifty years heavy industry has given way to a rise in the public and retail sectors and mass regeneration. Newcastle has transformed itself into a cultural landmark and is now renowned for being the business and social hub of the North East.
In contrast to its industrial heritage, the city is also known for its environmental awareness and is even planning to become the first Carbon Neutral town in the UK.
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