GHG emissions. Between and , GHG emissions in the transportation sector increased more in absolute terms than any other sector. EPA is addressing climate change by taking the following actions to reduce GHG emissions from the transportation sector.
Many of these programs have benefits beyond cutting carbon. For example, decreasing fuel consumption can reduce our dependence on foreign oil and save consumers money at the pump. EPA and DOT issued a joint rule-making that set GHG emissions and fuel economy standards for the largest sources of greenhouse gases from transportation, including cars, light trucks, and heavy-duty trucks.
Renewable fuels are produced from plants, crops and other biomass, and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions when compared to burning the fossil fuels they replace. The transport sector is one of the largest sources of CO2 emissions and a major source of air pollution. By , an estimated million vehicles will be produced globally. By , the total number of vehicles could be 2 billion. The transport sector burns most of the world's petroleum and is one of the largest sources of global greenhouse gas emissions.
It's also heavy on air pollution. Electric vehicles can reduce GHG emissions by half in compared to fossil fuel driven cars, offsetting up to Megatons of CO2-equivalents. Electrified cars also significantly reduce air pollution. Electrified cars made up just 0. It will depend on incentives for producers and consumers such as tax breaks for clean electricity, taxation of CO2-emissions, elimination of fossil fuel subsidies and so on.
Some countries have made major progress on the use of electrified cars. Pollution also happens at the source: mining machinery tends to be diesel-powered. In some areas, the electricity used at the factories that make the cars will be derived from burning coal.
Ships use heavy fuel to transport the materials to the factories and the cars to ports globally. Pollution happens wherever fuel is mined. Because the majority of us use private cars we actually need more space than if we used public transport. Motorways are wide. If everyone took public transport, motorways could be narrower.
Some roads could simply be rail lines that are half the width. Plastics can break down to form microplastics that get into our food chain.
The poor air quality that results contributes to significant health problems see Reference 2. The exhaust from a car releases hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, which together react with sunlight to increase ground-level ozone. Car exhaust also releases carbon monoxide, which threatens human health, and carbon dioxide, which contributes significantly to global warming.
Emissions are also released as gasoline evaporates, which particularly occurs during the hottest times of the day and while the car is hot from running, according to the EPA see Reference 5. Fuel production creates a significant amount of emissions, which drivers support by filling their tanks with gasoline. When considering the total average emissions produced throughout the life cycle of a car, fuel production accounts for 19 percent, according to the World Resources Institute.
In addition, manufacturing a car and extracting the raw materials to create it produce emissions see Reference 3. If you must drive, car pool with others whenever possible.
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